Economic justice cannot be separated from gender justice because the economy itself is structured through gendered relations of production, reproduction, property, labour, care and access to resources. Conventional approaches to economic development have historically privileged paid market activity while treating unpaid domestic and care work as private, non-economic and largely invisible. It is a framework that obscures the social labour through which economies are reproduced and simultaneously naturalises women's disproportionate responsibility for that labour. This article examines the relationship between gender and economic justice and argues that achieving gender justice requires not merely incorporating women into existing economic institutions but transforming the institutions, norms and policies that produce gendered economic disadvantage. Drawing primarily upon secondary data and selected policy and programme cases from India, the article analyses female labour-force participation, the gender division of unpaid care work, occupational segregation, wage inequality, social protection, women's collective economic participation and gender-responsive budgeting. The analysis demonstrates that while India has experienced a discernible rise in women's labour-force participation, this increase has occurred alongside persistent inequalities in the quality, remuneration and security of women's work. Recent Time Use Survey evidence reveals that women shoulder approximately 84 per cent of unpaid care time in India, with the imputed economic value of women's unpaid domestic and care work estimated at 15–17 per cent of GDP, figures comparable to, and even exceeding, key sectors like manufacturing or trade. A 2025 National Statistics Office survey across 46 Indian cities found that 69 per cent of women outside the labour force cited childcare and household responsibilities as the primary reason, compared with only 1 per cent of men. The Economic Survey identifies unpaid care responsibilities as a significant structural constraint on women's economic participation. At the policy level, initiatives such as the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme, Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana-National Rural Livelihood Mission, self-help groups and gender-responsive budgeting offer important mechanisms for strengthening women's economic agency. However, their transformative potential depends upon redistribution of care, control over assets and income, decent employment and institutional accountability. The article develops a relational conception of gender-economic justice in which recognition, redistribution, representation and rights are treated as mutually constitutive dimensions of justice. It concludes that the objective should move beyond making women economically productive towards constructing an economy that is itself gender-just.